Sharmin+Mollah+Log

Sharmin Mollah Log I would like to do my research paper on the effects of soda on the body. Basically what ingredients in soda are harmful and how they are harmful to the body.
 * [Full Marks JCB]**

11/11/2011 This is a new article that I found:

Effects of Soft Drink Consumption on Nutrition and Health: A systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (Summary)
 * Soft drinks are major contributors to obesity and related health problems
 * In 1942 the American Medical Association made a strong recommendation to limit intake of added sugar
 * Trade associations such as The American Beverage Associate asserts that the science linking soft drinks with obesity is flawed
 * Focus of this study is to review the available since in finding a link between soft drinks and health issues
 * Study focus on the effects of sugar-sweetened beverages
 * There is a great deal of variability of in research methods being compared and 2 steps were taken in order to assess the impact of the research method on outcome
 * The degree of heterogeneity was tested using the Q test on energy intake, body weight, milk intake and calcium. Using the Q test the different studies were separated according to research design
 * They were separated depending on the funding, if they were “industry-funded” or “non-industry funded”
 * Meta-analysis was used to calculate average effect sizes
 * The size of the population was calculated in such a way that a study with a large population would not overwhelm the whole data
 * A “fail-safe N” was computed to assess presence of publication bias
 * Out of the 12 cross-sectional studies, 10 reported significant association between soda drink consumption and energy intake
 * All of the 5 longitudinal studies showed positive association between consumption and energy intake
 * 4 long-term experiment showed the participants did not compensate the extra energy consumed from the soft drink by reducing the rest of their food energy intake
 * 1 study showed that participants consumed 17% more energy than their typical diet after consuming soft drinks suggesting that consumption of soft drinks may affect other aspects of dietary intake
 * Out of 12 short term experiment studies, 5 reported that participants took in greater amount of total energy after consuming soft drinks
 * All of the studies show that people do not compensate for the extra engery consumped from the soft drinks by reducing energy intake from other foods
 * In cross sectional studies relating soft drink consumption to body weight, 2 studies reported significant positive association and 9 did not
 * The longitudinal studies showed positive association, 2 showed mixed results and 4 reported no association
 * In 7 experimental studies, 5 reported positive association. In 3 of the studies the participants who were given soft drinks over the course of the experiment gained weight
 * 15 cross sectional studies comparing soft drink consumption to milk intake, 13 studies reported that soft drink consumption is associated with lower intake of milk and diary products
 * 1 study showed that 1 oz reduction in soft drink consumption increased milk intake by 0.25 oz
 * 1 study reported negative association between soft drink consumption and over all healthy eating index
 * 1 study showed that children and adolescent consumed between 122 and 159 of added sugar, about 4 to 5 times the recommended maximum from soft drinks
 * Carbohydrate intake increases, protein intake decreases
 * Soft drink consumption is linked to type 2 diabetes, in 1 study following 91249 women for 8 years found those who consumed of 1 or more serving of soft drink per day was twice as more likely to develop diabetes than those who consumed less than 1 serving a month
 * Another study shows positive association with number of risk factors for metabolic syndrome
 * 2 studies linked soft drink consumption to hypocalcaemia, 2 studies showed negative association with bone mineral density, increased risk of bone fracture
 * 10 week experimental study showed increase in blood pressure with intake of soft drinks
 * Intake of soft drinks and added sugars has increased coincident with rising body weights and energy intake
 * Although the study shows broad correlations, more data is required
 * The most significant correlation is between soft drink consumption and increased energy consumption
 * The available literature shows that people do not compensate for the energy from the soft drink, raising the possibility that soft drinks increase hunger, decrease satiety
 * High fructose corn syrup is digested, absorbed and metabolized differently than glucose which in turn leads to signal disruption of food regulation
 * Most of the studies showed that soft drink consumption displaced essential nutrients and leads to an overall poorer diet
 * Overall results differed significantly when studies were funded and not funded by the food industry
 * Overall reduction of soft drinks is recommended due to its high energy, but low nutritional value

American Journal of Public Health (April 2007) http://ajph.aphapublications.org/cgi/reprint/97/4/667.pdf